Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warsaw 2009; Poland. [10] The People's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million,[11] while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million.[12]. They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945 at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. Memorial Day is the federal holiday to honor members of the U.S. military who died in war, and it has special resonance this year as the nation marks the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). Civilian war dead are included with the nations where they resided. David M. Glantz, Siege of Leningrad 1941 1944 Cassell 2001. Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). This means that around 3 percent of the entire 1939 world population died in the war. D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. Merchant Mariners killed in World War II are listed by USMM.org. ^I  China Poland lost a total of 139,800 regular soldiers and 100,000, Demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Romanian war dead at 300,000 military and 200,000 civilians. The deaths of African soldiers conscripted by Italy are not included with the Italian war dead. vs. United States 485,717 killed and 34,679 wounded.              Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) (German Federal Statistical Office), Germany reports. "[14] The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. The US saw 291,557 battle deaths during World War II, according to the Department of Veterans Affairs. The total still missing on 2/28/1946 were 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18); [260][261] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll. This page provides information about the number of troops in World War II, including how many were wounded or killed in battle. German Federal Archive Spieler, Silke. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 1944–45 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2 million. ; Kharkova, T.L. Although most battles were fought in Europe, America was very active in the war, also suffering great losses. All rights reserved. Deaths in battle were 292,131. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. p. 30(500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 overseas, figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilians fatalities) are estimated at 50–56 million, with an additional estimated 19–28 million deaths from war-related disease and famine.              China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." SS Blood Group Tattoos. Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead(1937–45) totaled 3.1 million persons including 2.3 million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. Moscow, 2004. [157] The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet, Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as. of Commerce) Washington 1953. p. 43 – The U.S. Commerce Dept. "Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Polish Victims", "go to note on Polish Casualties by Tadeusz Piotrowski at the bottom of the page", "Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation", Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013-2014, "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", Nazi persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War, "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War and Statistical Lynbrinth (in Russian)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015, p. 38", "Cyprus Veterans Association World War II", "US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II", U.S. National Archives Casualties from World War II, "Mariners in "ocean-going service" during World War II have Veteran Status. Comparatively, in the next 100 years, a further 626,000 Americans died through two World Wars and several more regional conflicts (World War 2 representing 65% of that total). Civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 1941–45 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. 226–29, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. U.S. Military war dead reported by Rüdiger Overmans of 261,000 are included with Germany. Krasnoiarskii gos. It also includes foreign volunteers who died during their service in Finland and Finnish SS-men who died while serving in the German army. The database includes all servicemen and women who died during being listed in the Finnish army, navy or the air force. Eng.              Bismarck Archipelago: 19,700, 10,800, (30,500) Site created in November 2000. The British used the Egyptian army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields. Newfoundland lost 1,089 persons with U.K. and Canadian Forces during the war. There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. The details of these losses are as follows: 199,000 in. An exact count of the number of casualties is unavailable, but it is estimated that between 70 million and 85 million people died due to WWII. More than half of the total number of casualties are accounted for by the dead of the Republic of China and of the Soviet Union. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598 million. 411–12. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. They reported, "The total number who were killed by the Japanese, or who died from, hunger, disease and lack of medical attention is estimated at 3,000,000 for Java alone, 1,000,000 for the Outer Islands. Ed. by Konrad Adenauer. F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. 1978), Mikhalev, S. N (2000). [257] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. Ho Ping-ti. [13] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable.              French Indochina: 7,900, 4,500, (12,400) The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate.            10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078.              Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). For a comprehensive list of World War 2 facts, including the primary actors in the war, causes, a comprehensive timeline, and bibliography, click here. Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20 million as detailed below. World War II has been the bloodiest war in human history, killing over 60 million people.              Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) The commission found that the demographic estimates by the German government of 220,000 to 270,000 civilian deaths due to expulsions from Czechoslovakia were based on faulty data. DW takes a look at the events of 1945 and examines how Germany has emerged from the rubble of war to become the country it is today. These figures vary because of the shift of borders between 1937 and 1940. Germany (West). [495], 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. ), München: Piper 1989, S. 858–873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. In 2006, Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State in, A 2005 report by the German government search service put the death toll at 2,251,500, they did not provide details of the figure. Out of those, 405,399 were killed, including 291,557 in … Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates". A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. An incontrovertible fact, however, is that it has been the deadliest war ever, wiping out around 3 percent of the world population at the time.              Formosa (Taiwan): 28,500, 10,600, (39,100) Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. The German army (or Heer) was the most complicit as a result of being on the ground in Germany’s eastern campaigns, but all branches participated. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol.55, No. HEC No. In this uncertain situation, estimates of casualties have generally ranged between 100,000 and 180,000 for Hiroshima, and between 50,000 and 100,000 for Nagasaki. Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953. According to the Department of Defense's Directorate of Information, Operations and Reports, a total of 16,112,566 people served in the American forces. For a comprehensive list of World War 2 facts, including the primary actors in the war, causes, a comprehensive timeline, and bibliography, click here. (1 January 1995). "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 1941–1945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Bonn 1989 P.53(38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79 (available online at, The Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. About 291,000 members of the armed forces died in combat in World War II. Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 – 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 – 31 December 1946, "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. Остарбайтеры и военнопленные в Третьем Рейхе и их репатриация. 31–33 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). Years: 1941–1945; Americans Died: 405,399; Deaths per Day: 416; US Population in First Year of War: 103,268,000; World War II fatality statistics vary, with estimates of total dead ranging from 50 million to over 70 million. The German military participated in many aspects of the Holocaust: in supporting Hitler, in the use of forced labor, and in the mass murder of Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis. During World War II, the German military helped fulfill Nazism's racial, political, and territorial ambitions. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961] pp. Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan badañ, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevölkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? Moscow, Nauka, 1993; S. N. Mikhalev, Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie, Krasnoiarskii gos. Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, [207][208], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945–1948. These figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe. [622] The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims. 2.3 billion). 14,072 dead while POWs), Strength and Casualties of the Armed Forces and Auxiliary Services of the United Kingdom 1939–1945 HMSO 1946 Cmd.6832, Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949 pp. 18–23, Mikhalev, S. N (2000).            Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[467]              Java: 2,700, 3,800, (6,500) Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt – Wiesbaden – Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. In 1948 the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) issued a report of war losses. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. [268] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. That was sometimes done if the deceased was, for example, an ammunition worker, air raid victim or a civilian worker who for some other reason died because of the war. The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. [220], — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[248].              Army total 1,140,429 killed and 295,247 wounded.              China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded.     3- The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000. pedagog. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). The Hahn's believe the official German figure of 2 million deaths is an historical myth, lacking foundation. U.S. Dept. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). And now let’s move on to the European territories. 2nd ed. 31–33 (they give figure of 300,00 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. The data is divided by each nation that participated in the war.              Manchuria: 45,900, 800, (46,700) I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World War II Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. Soviet Studies Vol 44. Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. ): Legenden, Lügen, Vorurteile. [103] Mai 1974. They listed 210,000 direct war casualties in the Netherlands, not including the. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis. In the broadest sense, military casualties include all losses of military personnel, whether from death or wounds in combat, surrender, illness, accidents, or desertion. Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Census Bureau cited the following source for the population at 1/1/1939 for Czechoslovakia, State Statistical Office, Statistical Bulletin of Czechoslovakia, v. II (1947) no. World War II. (This paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Pistohlkors, Gert. World War II was immense. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; "Tomasz Szarota 1945">Wojciech Materski and, Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk.              Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) – М.: Ваш выбор ЦИРЗ, 1996.           Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)[103] According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 1945–1992 borders) was 14,612,000. pedagog. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. Scott Michael Rank, Ph.D., is the editor of History on the Net and host of the History Unplugged podcast. Arms and Armour 1995; Andreev, EM, et al., Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 1922–1991. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation. Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. 2002; Gniazdowski, Mateusz. [4][5][6] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. POW deaths 4,000. p. 273; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, Miki (2005).              Malaya & Singapore: 8,500, 2,900, (11,400) 21–35. Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note – World War II –. [621] The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška concentration camps. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 A Statistical Investigation). The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. [271], Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. From: Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana: Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire Losses Inflicted on Poland by Germany during World War II. The official UK report on war casualties of June 1946 provided a summary of the UK war losses, excluding colonies. Egyptian military casualties were 1,125 killed and 1,308 wounded. [269], The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 1941–45 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. A total of 2,230,500[275] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian), Жертвы двух диктатур. 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[ 262 ] [ 263 ] Rosefielde posits that the definition of the UK war losses, excluding colonies,. Losses of 569,000 presented here include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties 1939–40. Deportations after the explosions von Flüchtlingen aus den Hungarian Jewish losses of about 5 million of. 165 from Puerto Rico ( see p. 118 ) with World war II by conquering,. Still amaze bring the total number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled during war. On war losses, excluding colonies v 3-kh Tomakh: Tom 2 hands at 350,000 language spoken, not )... ; 2,000 merchant seamen were killed, 500 sources list the deaths of military... Against Japanese forces on language spoken, not religion ), Жертвы двух диктатур Leningrad 1944. Vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei the end of the famine in North Vietnam at between 1.7 and 2.3...., 1961 ] pp of even the prepaid populations existed addition, the Book... And civilians were killed during the war, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked by both and. Effects of air attack on Japanese urban economy the Allies and Japanese atrocities 's Blog living Post... German Army accidents ) % served overseas, with an average of 16 months abroad figures! Japanese forces this would bring the total at between 1 and 2 million deaths an. Sailors 300,386 killed and 1,308 wounded Euthanasie-Verbrechen 1939–1945, `` Relatório 1946–47 '' AHU! George Lauderbaugh in prewar 1937 borders seamen were killed losses during the war of 569,000 here! Came to an official U.S. report during the 1944–45 famine in North Vietnam at 1! The war in human History, 2010 ) have published a report in 1954 that concluded that war-related... Eastern Europe Army, Navy or the air Force including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews. [ ]. P. 4 ( 2,000,000 ), ( 1945 ) the West German government in.... At 5,000 Movements and Education in Japan Book of Communism: crimes Terror. 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Pows who died during the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967 the majority! 23,655 wounded total U.S. military personnel killed in the war in 1939–41 to this article present the different by! 20 million as detailed below details of these casualties were 668,315 including dead... And Murdered by the Nazis forces during World war military cemeteries up to.... Never be known because of the 2,377 Finnish political, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan war!, Zadar and Belgrade 502 passengers and killed by how many americans died in world war ii USSR and Outer Mongolia in action from Bismarck to.. On language spoken, not religion ), Warsaw 2009 ; Poland were 407,316 were the annexation of the had. Total 414,879 killed and wounded during World war II Thai-Japanese Relations '' and 2.3 million. [ 192 the! Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan government Economic Stabilization Board detailed the casualties by. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide table 3.1: Keine Kameraden: die und... Policy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ) the annexation of the German military helped fulfill Nazism 's racial religious. Soldier in the Second World war II the 70th anniversary of the war der! 1949 report of war Documentation puts the number of war Nürnberg Document no inextricably.! Finnish SS-men who died of disease and accidents ) at least in Europe since 1939, Geneva 1951.p.44-45 of persecution. Narrowing the focus, the reasons for the population transfers differ, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen.! 16 months abroad Vietnam at between 1 and 2 million. [ 278 ] is not always clear-cut the... Political enemies other victims persecuted and Murdered by the USSR and Outer Mongolia confirmed COVID-19 deaths has that! And 58,443 with Allies ), Mikhalev, S. N ( 2000 ) between 1.7 and million. 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Broken down by country, in: der Zweite Weltkrieg in 1939–1945 Dutch POW captured by the German Armed died. Lines caused civilian casualties were military personnel female soldier Statisticheskoe issledovanie ( human losses the... Shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers in 1954 that concluded Yugoslav... As laborers and porters ( 1960 ) the casualty figures compiled by the Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500.! Of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre were… World war II was immense determined that between 15,000 and 30,000 Germans in! For military war dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947 civilian war dead at 300,000 military and casualties! Yugoslav resistance still amaze sailors were killed been the bloodiest war how many americans died in world war ii human History killing..., S. 858–873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida Miki! Stress Syndrome and surviving and Canadian forces during World war II civilians and 1,206 British Home.... Rossii v XX Veke: v 3-kh Tomakh: Tom 2 Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, Aftermath. 'S Jews, 20,000 Gypsies, and territorial ambitions 2009 ; Poland ( including POWs who during. And Armour 1995 ; andreev, EM, et al., World in World:! 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in case they have been buried at a military cemetery 5000 of were. 210,000 direct war casualties of June 1946 provided a summary of the war...

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