a. Ozonation is more expensive than chlorination and ozone leaves an b. Ozonation causes trihalomethane formation and leaves an odor in the treated water. c. Ozonation causes trihalomethane formation and is more expensive than chlorination. C The chlorine residual that remains in the wastewater effluent can prolong disinfection even after initial treatment and can be measured to evaluate the effectiveness. Chlorine dioxide is more effective towards inactivation of Giardia cysts than free chlorine, but less effective towards rotavirus and E. coli. So, it didn’t come as any great surprise to see this form of disinfection. How does chlorine work? This “combined chlorine” offers limited disinfection Longer Term When chlorine is added to water, it destroys the membrane of many microorganisms and kills them. Unlike chlorine, the disinfection efficiency of chlorine dioxide is independent of pH and the presence of ammonia. Chlorine forms a very explosive mixture when mixed with carbon monoxide gas. The EPA has set the safe levels of chlorine in drinking water to be 4 PPM (parts per million) and for chlorine dioxide as 800 PPB (parts per Billion). disadvantages of using chlorine for disinfection. However are these levels really safe? The technique works without the addition of chemical compounds to the water to be treated, but is nevertheless based on the biocidal action of various chemical substances. C Dosing rates are flexible and can be controlled easily. Electrochemical water disinfection is a rarely used but convenient and highly efficient way to produce germ-free water. Disadvantages of chlorine as disinfectant are: The storage of chlorine and its use must need careful handling. 328 Inorganic chlorine solution is used for disinfecting tonometer heads 188 and for spot-disinfection of countertops and floors. No sludge is formed in its application, as may be formed when bleaching powder is used for disinfection. Chlorine Disinfection: other concerns “Demands” on chlorine Instantaneous If the water contains iron (Fe+2) and manganese (Mn+2), insoluble oxides are formed on introduction of chlorine Intermediate Reaction of chlorine with ammonia to form chloramines. d. Furthermore, each disinfection method has other distinct advantages and disadvantages. The byproducts of chlorine disinfection are by far the most thoroughly studied. What are the major disadvantages of using ozone instead of chlorine to disinfect water? This lesson covers the very common and well-known disinfectants chlorine and quaternary ammonium. Chlorine (in the form of a Hypochlorite ion) is a widely used disinfectant in the water industry and is highly effective against a wide range of bacteria and viruses. C Chlorine is more cost-effective than UV or ozone disinfection. 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